WT Chapter 2

WT

> Differentiate process of water treatment

> Compare characteristic of source of water

> Explain water hardness

> Compare wt processs for surface water and ground water

> Identify residual management in WT


OBJ of WT

- make palatable Water
- make pottable water
- water made free from disesase-producing organisms and oxic substances


SW Treatment
(Surface Water Treatment)

>Primary Objectives
(1) Rid of suspended material - Turbidity- and - Colour-
(2) Eliminate pathogenic Organisms

> TREATMENT Technology: Coagulation & Flocculation

GW Treatment
(Ground Water Treatment)

>Primary Objectives
(1) Rid of hardness and other minerals
(2) Same - Eliminate Pathogenic Organisms

>TREATMENT Technology: PRECIPITATION:

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(TYPICAL)

ll Water Supply

> Rapid Mixing

> Coagulation & Flocculation

> Media filtration

> Granular activated carbon *** (optional)

> Disinfectant

> Storage tank and disinfection holdup

> Distribution system ll

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RAPID MIXING

***from aerators >>> Combines with Lime***

LIME PURPOSE:
Lime softening, also known as Clark's process, is a type of water treatment used for water softening which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (calcium and magnesium) ions by precipitation.

Rapid Mixingggggg: Provides complete mix, allowing lime to come in contact with Dissolved Minerals - to Serve Its Purpose.

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COAGULATION and FLOCCULATION

f(x): Make particles adhere to one another so that they are capable to settle by gravity .....

THIS HAPPEN BECAUSE:
>> to alter Surface Charge of Particles that Contribute to Color and Turbidity

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Flotation: CLOSELY RELATED TO AERATION

I DONT LOVE YOU!

1. Unit operation used to separate SOLID/LIQUI Particles from a Liquid Phase,

>>>WHEN ITS TIME TO REMOVE SUSPENDED MATTER AND CONCENTRATE BIOSOLID

2. ADVANTAGES: Very Small or Light Particles Removed in shorter Time, Completely

3. Methods of Initiation

>> USE OF AIR AS FLOTATION AGENT

via........ DIssolved Air flotation (LIQUID UNDER PRESSURE) = Injection of Air
......... Dispersed air flotation (ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE) = Aeration

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SEDIMENTATION/SETTLING
: ((( after Flocculation))))

= Water is "quescent" = "stat of inactivity"

- 3 sedimentation HOURS at least
(flocs settle out and collect at the bottom)


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HARDNESS as a Term

- a term often used to characterize the ability of a Water to CREATE:


(1) Soap scum

(2) Increase amt of soap needed

(3) cause scaling on pipes

(4) cause valves to stick out due to formation of calcium carbonate crystals

(5) Leave stains on plumbing fixtures


HARDNESS as a Profile (Ca and Mg Nicknames = Polyvalent)

Bio: Divided into Carbonate and Noncarbonate Hardness

Technically: Sum of All Polyvalent Cations

Practically: Amount of Calcium and Magnesium Ions

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DISINFECTION

((after Filtration))

CHLORINE (Cl) is Most Commonly Used

(fx): Kill majority of organisms in water!!! KILL
f(x): Residual disinfection - AVOID growth of Organisms in DISTRIBUTION system

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RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT

----Lagooons
---- Freeze Treament
-----Plate pressurefilters



-- reclamatiom
landapplication - soil amendment